译文2:The Anyang Match Factory,a major match producer for domestic use in Henan Province and the biggest one in the country,recently sent an SOS to the Ministry of Railways,saying that the factory was running short of timber.The message is not a false alarm.The drastic cutbacks in the output of the factory have caused an acute shortage of matches in the market over the last few months.In the cities,a box of matches is now selling at four times its normal price on the black market;in the countryside,people do not even have matches to light their cooking stoves.
译文1中一些地方翻译得不够清楚,如把“紧急报告”译成urgent report,虽然字面意思接近,但译文机械呆板;从特定的上下文看,这句话的真实信息是“形势严重”、“关系重要”,因此翻译时必须选用相应的词,要把这层意思点明。译文2使用了SOS这一具有特殊感情色彩的词,既符合客观事实,也能给读者一个鲜明的形象,提高了译文质量。同样,“火柴市场紧张”中的“紧张”在文中是“短缺”而非其他,译成the match market is tense 让人费解,且这几个词也搭配不当,如改译为an acute shortage of matches in the market 既清楚又能使读者明白。再如“百姓出现吃饭点灯难现象”,译文1也过分拘泥于原文的一词一字,因而晦涩难懂,文理不通。
以上几例说明,在汉译英时,选译词汇和选择句子一样重要。而且,词有雅俗之分、大小之分和难易之分,因此如何选择,要格外留心。首先要看原文的意思,同时也要看原文结构词汇有什么特点。如在政论性文体中,句子一般长而复杂,抽象词也多。翻译时应该照顾到这些特点,使行文严谨、周密、准确、简练。如果不注意词义在上下文中的一致,而拘泥于字面意思上的一致,望文生义,生搬硬套,结果只会使译文文理不通,不忠实,不达意,甚至引起误解,必然损害原意。正确的做法是先看懂意思,再根据上下文来选择恰当的词句。
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